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88TH PA VOL FACTS

Service:
Organized Sep 1861
Washington DC Oct 1861
Alexandria till Apr 1862
Cloud's Mills VA Apr 1862
Orange VA till May 1862
Front Royal till Jun 1862
Cedar Mountain Aug 1862
Manassas Aug 1862
Antietam Sep 1862
Fredericksburg Dec 1862
"Mud March" Jan 1863
Chancellorsville May 1863
Gettysburg till Jul 1863
Bristoe Oct 1863
Rappahannock Nov 1863
Mine Run till Dec 1863
Regt Reenlisted Feb 1864
On Furlough till Apr 1864
Wilderness May 1865
Spottsylvania May 1864
Cold Harbor Jun 1864
Petersburg till Apr 1865
Appomattox Apr 1865
Grand Review May 1865
Mustered Out Jun 1865

Attachments:
-1st Brigade, Ord's 2nd Division, Dept. of the Rappahannock to Jun 1862
-2nd Brigade, 2nd division, 3rd Corps. Army of Virginia, to Sept 1862.
-2nd Brigade, 2nd Division, 1st Army Corps, Army Potomac to Mar 1863.
-3rd Brigade, 2nd Division, 1st Army corps to May 1863.
-2nd Brigade, 2nd Division, 1st Army Corps to Mar 1864.
-2nd Brigade, 2nd Division, 5th Army Corps to Mar 1865.
-3rd brigade, 3rd division, 5th Army Corps to Jun 1865.

Campaigns: 
Cedar Mountain
2nd Manassas (Bull Run)
Antietam (Sharpsburg)
Fredericksburg
Chancellorsville
The Wilderness
Spotsylvania
Petersburg
Appomattox Court-House

Casualties:
Regiment lost during service 8 officers and 101 enlisted men killed and mortally wounded and 72 enlisted men by disease.  Total 181.

Source: Compendium: War of the Rebellion, Vol. 3; Author: Frederick H. Dyer.  "Regimental Histories, 88th Regiment Infantry."

OTHER CIVIL WAR LINKS:

History of the 88th

Military History Institute's Bibliography of the 88th Regiment

Civil War Battlefields

Military History: United States Civil War (1861-1865)

United States Civil War: Individual Units

James River Publications Civil War Homepage

Regimental Histories

Pennsylvania Infantry Regiments

The American Civil War

American Experience & Beyond: America's Civil War

Images from: Photographic Atlas of Civil War Injuries
and Orthopaedics Injuries of the Civil War

Tintypes & Civil War Images

Civil War Mall

New York State Museum
Collections: The Civil War Drawings of Edward Lamson Henry

Civil War News

Civil War Images from the Photographic Collections of the William L. Clements Library

Market Hall Renovation Project / Confederate Museum

Civil War - Indiana

Valley of the Shadow Project: Civil War Images Collection

Virginia Civil War Images from Harper's Weekly

The Civil War Store

Various Photographics by the 27th Connecticut
Volunteers

Civil War Images

Civil War Reseach and Resource Sites

The American Civil War Homepage

Confederate Generals at Gettysburg

Military: Professional Reading List

Civil War Artillery Projectiles

Guidon Books: Civil War Books

Guidon Books: Confederate Titles

Civil War in Print Media: Selected Civil War Novels

A Brief History of the
37th Virginia Infantry

Virginia Tech: Civil War Publications donated by Josh E. Billings

Confederate Biographies

Gettysburg Gift Center

This Week in the Civil War; Medal of Honor 1863

Civil War 1: Civil War Medal of Honor Recipients (A-L)

Civil War 2: Civil War Medal of Honor Recipients (M-Z)

The 167th Pennsylvania Drafted Militia Infantry, Co. A

Civil War Units File -- USA States O-W

U.S. Civil War Reading List

Declaration of Causes 
of Seceding States

Civil War Interactive: History with An Attitude

Civil War Book Nook: The Top Fifty Civil War Books

The Search for the Hunley: A Twenty Three Year Mission Ends in Success

United States Civil War

The Civil War Archive

Michigan in the Civil War

Chronological list of Civil War Battles

"Hero of Little Round Top" by Mort Künstler 
Battle of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania

WHAT I KNOW ABOUT MY GREAT-GRANDFATHER: 

John Schoennauer was born on 10 Mar 1839 in Gouglersville, Cumru Township, Berks County, Pennsylvania, and was baptized on 19 Aug 1839.  He was the 7th of 22 children of Joseph Schannauer (1801-1874).  He served in the Union Army between 1861 and 1864 as a Private, and was assigned to Company B, 88th Infantry Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers. On documentation related to John's Civil War service and pension, his name was spelled as Shonour. His pension papers reveal a vivid history of his military service and documents clearly the wounds received in three of the more famous battles of the civil war.  He is described as 5 feet 8 inches in height, light complexion, gray eyes and brown hair.

John was married to Amalia Schlichting (daughter of Fredrick William Schlichting) on 7 February 1869 in St Paul's Church, Chicago, Illinois.  They had eight children, of which only two lived to adulthood.  He appeared on the census on 8 July 1870 in Chicago living with his family, which at the time consisted of wife Amalia and son Emil, in Ward 9. He worked as a file cutter at Chicago File Works in 1871 in Chicago, and lived at 82 Foster at this time. He moved to 258 Mohawk, Chicago in 1874 or 1875. In 1877 and 1878 another city directory shows him living at 315 S. Jefferson in Chicago, still working as a file cutter. He appeared on the 1880 census in Chicago.  In the 1883 and 1885 city directories he is shown as a laborer, and in the 1886 city directory as a file maker; all three show him residing at 303 23rd in Chicago.  He was divorced from Amalia in February 1887 through the Cook County Civil Court in Chicago, Illinois. John was found guilty of abandonment, and of extreme and repeated cruelty without her fault, as indicated by court documents. 

After his divorce, with his health deteriorating, John spent the last few months of his life at the National Home for Disabled Veterans near Milwaukee, Wisconsin, probably still suffering from wounds - both mental and physical - received during battles of the Civil War.  He died on 22 Oct 1889 in Milwaukee, and was buried on 24 Oct 1889 at the Soldiers Home Cemetery in Milwaukee. (The National Home is the historic name of the present Zublocki Veteran's Administration Hospital located there. The actual name and address of the cemetery where he was interred is now Wood National Cemetery, 5000 West National Avenue, Wood, Wisconsin, situated just west of the County Stadium where the Milwaukee Brewers play.)  John's headstone is identified as "JOHN SHONOUR, PVT, CO B, 88 PA INF" and is located in section 4, grave number 175, just northwest of the interstate and cemetery bridge overpass. 

 Amalia Wilhelmine Schlichting was born on 14 October 1839 in West Prussia. She also appeared on the census on 8 July 1870 in Chicago, Cook Co, Illinois, which records her name as "Emily," 30 years old.  In 1919 she lived in Seattle, Washington with her son Arthur and his family. She died on 13 November 1919 in Seattle, King Co, Washington. Amalia died a widow, three times married after John, and although she died with the name Perlick, it was her wish to be buried with the Schoennauer name on her headstone. She was buried on 18 November 1919 at Lakeview Cemetery in Seattle, Washington. 

JOHN'S RECORD OF SERVICE DURING THE CIVIL WAR:

In the opening days of the War of the Rebellion, John was a strong and healthy 26-year-old farmer, working his parent's fertile farm in Berks County, Pennsylvania.  He was recruited for a new unit composed of other young men from the Reading area of Berks County, and enlisted for three years in September 1861.  Military records and pension documents I received in 1982 from the National Archives show that John Shonour was involved in some of the most famous battles of the Civil War.  A commander testified that "he was a brave orderly and an excellent soldier, always ready and willing to do his duty."

As honorable and gallant as the first six months must have seemed to John and the other members of his newly formed company of eager volunteers when they trained and guarded their nation's capitol, he and they would soon learn the horrors of war and the cruelty which would take many of their lives.  Although John survived the war, his life would never be the same.   

In March 1862, while still on provost duty at Alexandria, John contracted Bilious Fever⁽¹⁾ and was confined to the hospital for a couple weeks and returned to his camp where he recuperated in a field hospital for almost a month.  During one of the first major confrontations that the 88th Pennsylvania Volunteers had with the enemy at the 2nd Battle of Bull Run near Manassas, Virginia, John was taken sick with over-exertion, excitement and exhaustion.  Although he recovered enough to continue fighting, he suffered the rest of his life with heart palpitations.  On what was reported as a rapid match beyond Culpepper Court House, he suffered a heat stroke.  Shortly after this time he must have been given a less strenuous job working as a teamster.  At the Battle of Fredericksburg, Virginia, after a failed attack at well-defended Confederate lines, he had his leg run over and his ankle smashed by one of the retreating army wagons.  This injury also continued to cause him recurring severe discomfort the rest of his life.

His next set of injuries were received on the first day of the battle at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania by two almost-simultaneous gunshot wounds: one through his left arm between his elbow and shoulder, the bullet having "carried away a portion of the upper arm," as cited by a witness in one of his pension application documents; the other in the mouth, shattering all the front teeth of his upper jaw. The wound in his arm, along with his other injuries, would cause him a life-long partial disability, limiting his physical strength, stamina and endurance. He was ordered by his lieutenant to go to the field hospital, located in a nearby church, which was soon captured by the enemy and all the wounded were taken prisoner by the Confederate attackers.  In the course of the battle they were all paroled, and sometime between the 3rd and 6th of July, John was evacuated to Summit House Hospital in West Philadelphia, and he remained there recovering from his wounds through at least  December 1863.  During that time he lost nearly all his remaining teeth. 

Because of the severity of  his wounds and the non-likelihood of his returning to his unit, he was transferred to 59th Company, 2nd Battalion, Veterans Reserve Corps on Sept 12, 1863 by reason of "functional disease of the heart."  He was mustered out on Sept 13, 1864.

He returned to his Berks County, Pennsylvania community, but things certainly must not have been comfortable for him.  Because he was still recovering from his wounds, he probably couldn't think of farming again.  Failing to get his first request for a disability pension approved in 1865, he apparently went to Philadelphia to look for work shortly thereafter.  He may have stayed there for a couple years, and then made his way to Chicago, where in 1869 he met and married his wife.  That too would prove tragic for him, as he lost six of their eight children in infancy.  The loss of these children, and the wounds of war, both physical and mental, would follow him the remaining 20 years of his life.

Although you may not be able to tell by looking at these reduce images, shown below are three of the original documents of John Shonour's pension application describe in detail a few of the more traumatic episodes of his military service. Press any of the images for a closer look, or press the link above for a transcription of his entire pension packet.
Declaration for Original Invalid Pension - Pension Application from 1879

(1)  According to the pamphlet entitled, "Morbus. Why and How Our Ancestors Died: A Genealogist's Dictionary of Terms Found in Vital Records with Descriptions of the Diseases as They Relate to the Health of Our Ancestors" by Rosemary A. Chorzempa, the term Bilious is related to an ailment of the bile or liver; characterized by headache, pain, indigestion, nausea and related disorders.  Also called Biliousness, Bilious Colic, Bilious Disease and Bilious Headache. (Chicago, IL 60622: Polish Genealogical Society of America, 984 North Milwaukee Ave.; 1991)

LEADS & LINKS TO INFORMATION ON JOHN'S UNIT: THE 88TH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS

From: The Civil War Archive, Union Regimental Histories - Pennsylvania
http://civilwararchive.com/Unreghst/unpainf4.htm

88th Regiment Infantry

ORGANIZED at Philadelphia September, 1861. Left State for Washington, D.C., October 1. At Kendall Green, Washington, D.C., until October 12. Provost duty at Alexandria until April 17, 1862. (Cos. "A," "C," "D," "E" and "I" garrison forts on Maryland side of the Potomac River February 18 to April 17.) At Cloud's Mills, Va., April 17-23. Guard Orange & Alexandria Railroad between Bull Run and Fairfax C. H. until May 7. Attached to 1st Brigade, Ord's 2nd Division, Dept. of the Rappahannock, to June, 1862. 2nd Brigade, 2nd Division, 3rd Corps, Army of Virginia, to September, 1862. 2nd Brigade, 2nd Division, 1st Army Corps, Army Potomac, to March, 1863. 3rd Brigade, 2nd Division, 1st Army Corps, to May, 1863. 2nd Brigade, 2nd Division, 1st Army Corps, to March, 1864. 2nd Brigade, 2nd Division, 5th Army Corps, to June, 1864. 2nd Brigade, 3rd Division, 5th Army Corps, to March, 1865. 3rd Brigade, 3rd Division, 5th Army Corps, to June, 1865.

SERVICE.--Duty near Fredericksburg, Va., until May 25. Expedition to Front Royal to intercept Jackson May 25-June 18. Duty at Manassas, Warrenton and Culpeper until August. Battle of Cedar Mountain August 9. Pope's Campaign in Northern Virginia August 16-September 2. Fords of the Rappahannock August 21-23. Thoroughfare Gap August 28. Battle of Bull Run August 30. Chantilly September 1. Maryland Campaign September 6-24. Battles of South Mountain September 14; Antietam September 16-17. Duty near Sharpsburg, Md., until October 30. Movement to Falmouth, Va., October 30-November 19. Battle of Fredericksburg December 12-15. Burnside's 2nd Campaign, "Mud March," January 20-24, 1863. At Falmouth and Belle Plains until April 27. Chancellorsville Campaign April 27-May 6. Operations at Pollock's Mill Creek April 29-May 2. Fitzhugh's Crossing April 29-30. Chancellorsville May 2-5. Gettysburg (Pa.) Campaign June 11-July 24. Battle of Gettysburg July 1-3. Pursuit of Lee July 5-24. Duty on line of the Rappahannock until October. Bristoe Campaign October 9-22. Advance to line of the Rappahannock November 7-8. Mine Run Campaign November 26-December 2. Demonstration on the Rapidan February 6-7, 1864. Regiment reenlisted February 6, 1864, and on furlough until April 7. Rapidan Campaign May 4-June 12. Battles of the Wilderness May 5-7; Laurel Hill May 8; Spottsylvania May 8-12; Spottsylvania C. H. May 12-21. Assault on the Salient May 12. North Anna River May 23-26. Jericho Ford May 25. On line of the Pamunkey May 26-28. Totopotomoy May 28-31. Cold Harbor June 1-12. Bethesda Church June 1-3. White Oak Swamp June 13. Before Petersburg June 16-18. Siege of Petersburg June 16, 1864, to April 2, 1865. Mine Explosion, Petersburg, July 30, 1864 (Reserve). Weldon Railroad August 18-21. Hatcher's Run October 27-28. Warren's Expedition to Weldon Railroad December 7-12. Dabney's Mills, Hatcher's Run, February 5-7, 1865. Appomattox Campaign March 28-April 9. Lewis Farm near Gravelly Run March 29. White Oak Road March 30-31. Five Forks April 1. Pursuit of Lee April 2-9. Appomattox C. H. April 9. Surrender of Lee and his army. Moved to Washington, D.C., May 1-12. Grand Review May 23. Mustered out June 30, 1865.  Regiment lost during service 8 Officers and 101 Enlisted men killed and mortally wounded and 72 Enlisted men by disease. Total 181.

From:  Pennsylvania Infantry Regiments
http://users.erols.com/jreb/penna.html

88th Pennsylvania, "History of the 88th Pennsylvania Volunteers," by John D. Vautier, Philadelphia, PA. The Campaigns of this famous regiment include Cedar Mountain, Second Manassas or Bull Run, Antietam or Sharpsburg, Chancellorsville, the Wilderness, Spotsylvania, Petersburg, and finally at Appomattox Court-House, VA. At Gettysburg, this regiment formed part of Baxter's Brigade, Robinson's Division, Reynolds'/Abner Doubleday's First U.S. Army Corps. Originally published in 1894, this 280-page reprint costs $ 30.00.

88th Pennsylvania Regiment Volunteer Infantry Website 
Old inoperable link: http://www.tricountyi.net/~88thpvi
(New link: http://www.enter.net/~alw/88thpvi/history.htm)

From:  Union Command at the Battle of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania (July 1-3, 1863)
http://hometown.aol.com/dlharvey/uniongb.htm

From:  United States Civil War: Pennsylvania Regiments
http://www.us-civilwar.com/pa.htm

	Pennsylvania 88th Regiment Infantry monument.
	Pennsylvania 88th Regiment Volunteers memorial and monument erected by the survivors in 1889, two months before my great-grandfather's death.

From: National Park Service Petersburg - Unit Summary: 88th Pennsylvania Infantry
http://www.nps.gov/pete/mahan/eduPA88i.html

88th Pennsylvania Infantry
(2), 3, V 

BATTLES:
June 15-18, 1864 - Prelude to the Siege of Petersburg
August 18, 1864 - Weldon Railroad
February 5, 1865 - Hatcher's Run
March 29, 1865 - Lewis Farm
March 31, 1865 - White Oak Road
April 1, 1865 - Five Forks

From: U.S. Army Center of Military History's Website; Civil War Medal of Honor Recipients (A-L) http://www.army.mil/CMH-PG/mohciv.htm CLARK, JAMES G.  Rank and organization: Private, Company F, 88th Pennsylvania Infantry. Place and date: At Petersburg, Va., 18 June 1864. Entered service at: ------. Birth: Germantown, Pa. Date of issue: 30 April 1892. Citation: Distinguished bravery in action; was severely wounded.

GILLIGAN, EDWARD L. 
Rank and organization: First Sergeant, Company E, 88th Pennsylvania Infantry. Place and date: At Gettysburg, Pa., 1 July 1863. Entered service at: Philadelphia, Pa. Birth: Philadelphia, Pa. Date of issue: 30 April 1892. Citation: Assisted in the capture of a Confederate flag by knocking down the color sergeant. 

From: U.S. Army Center of Military History's Website; Civil War Medal of Honor Recipients (M-Z)
http://www.army.mil/cmh-pg/mohciv2.htm

MARTIN, SYLVESTER H. 

Rank and organization. Lieutenant, Company K, 88th Pennsylvania Infantry. Place and date: At Weldon Railroad, Va., 19 August 1864. Entered service at:------. Birth: Chester County, Pa. Date of issue: 5 April 1894. Citation: Gallantly made a most dangerous reconnaissance, discovering the position of the enemy and enabling the division to repulse an attack made in strong force. 

SANDS, WILLIAM 

Rank and organization: First Sergeant, Company G, 88th Pennsylvania Infantry. Place and date: At Dabney's Mills, Va., 6-7 February 1865. Entered service at: Reading, Pa. Birth: Reading, Pa. Date of issue: 9 November 1893. Citation: Grasped the enemy's colors in the face of a deadly fire and brought them inside the lines. 

From: Find-A-Grave
http://findagrave.com/state/40.html

Foust, Benezet Forst b. April 5, 1840. d. January 8, 1870.
Civil War Union Brevet Brigadier General. Commanded the 88th Pennsylvania Infantry as a Major during the Gettysburg campaign, and was wounded on on the first day of the Battle while leading his regiment. His wounded effectively ended his field command, but continued his service as Lieutenant Colonel in the 10th Veterans Reserve Corps. Brevetted Brigadier General, USV on March 13, 1865 in recognition of his battlefield valor. Laurel Hill Cemetery, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.  Specific Interment Location: Section Y, Lot 84.

From: American Experience & Beyond: Pennsylvania
http://home.ptd.net/~nikki/pennsylvania.htm

Sec B, No. 73 - William Beaumont A 88th
Sec F, No. 61 - Harry Evans B 88th

From: 

Manassas National Battlefield Park
The American Civil War's Battles of First and Second Manassas (also called Bull Run) were fought here July 21, 1861 and August 28-30, 1862. The 1861 battle was the first test of Northern and Southern military ...
http://www.nps.gov/mana/ 
- size 7.9K 65%  01 Jul 00

Manassas National Battlefield Park
Photographs and description of Manassas National Battlefield Park
http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr//travel/journey/man.htm 
- size 11.9K 58% 15 Jul 00

Manassas National Battlefield: Battlefield History
Battlefield History Much of the landscape within Manassas National Battlefield still retains its wartime character. Henry Hill, focus of heavy fighting at First Manassas in July ...
http://www.nps.gov/mana/battlefield_history/bhistory.htm 
- size 8.5K 58% 30 Jun 00

Battle Summary: Manassas, Second, VA
Manassas, Second Civil War battle summary
http://www2.cr.nps.gov/abpp/battles/va026.htm 
- size 5.4K 58% 02 May 00

Manassas National Battlefield: General Information
General Information Home Page; General Information General Information Entrance Fees 16 and under: Free 17 and above: $2.00 Passes are good for three days from date of issue. Annual Park ...
http://www.nps.gov/mana/information/info.htm 
- size 10.3K 57% 16 Jul 00

Manassas National Battlefield: Teacher's Corner: Post-Visit Activity: The War Goes On
We hope you and your students enjoyed your visit to Manassas National Battlefield Park. The Student Activity Guide, which the class used to help prepare for the ...
http://www.nps.gov/mana/education/teachresource/postvisit.htm 
- size 9.5K 57% 30 Jun 00

Manassas National Battlefield: Teacher's Corner: Video Activity
Objectives: Your students will be able to: 1. name two sites where fighting occurred during the First Battle of Manassas and which army was victorious at the battle's ...
http://www.nps.gov/mana/education/teachresource/prevideo.htm 
- size 10.2K 57% 30 Jun 00

Manassas National Battlefield: Teacher's Corner: Field Tips
Field Tips: Registration Procedures Reservations are required for participation in the "Baptism of Fire" program. Reservations are accepted on a first­come, first­served ...
http://www.nps.gov/mana/education/teachresource/fieldtips.htm 
- size 10.1K 57% 30 Jun 00

Manassas National Battlefield: Teacher's Corner: General Information
Education Programs: General Information Step 1, Pick the program for your class to attend Baptism of Fire: Soldiers and Civilians at the First Battle of Manassas is a Virginia ...
http://www.nps.gov/mana/education/education.htm 
- size 7.6K 57% 30 Jun 00

Manassas National Battlefield: Battlefield History: Second Manassas: Before Manassas
Battlefield History Home Page: Battlefield History: Second Manassas: Before Manassas; Second Manassas: August 28-30, 1862 After the Union defeat at Manassas in July ...
http://www.nps.gov/mana/battlefield_history/before2.htm 
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