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| Militarily we
were born during the first half of August 1917 at
Jefferson Barracks near St. Louis, Missouri.
There we reported in civilian clothes and spent
our first wicked night on a cot with one blanket
as company. We came from everywhere. From Oregon
to Florida, from California to New York, we came
singly or in groups, curious, interested and
mostly sober. Once there, we gave our names,
picked up cigarette butts, reported for
examination, hopped on one foot, squinted our
eyes, coughed and were labeled O.K. Then came our
uniforms usually ill-fitting, but khaki, which
was what we wanted. And our shoes; Too big of
course and we had a hard time to execute the
drill movements which the omnipresent
N.C.O.s insisted on giving.
Planted in our
barracks we were given our first fatigue suits
and then routed out for our first K.P. duty. It
was considered fun by most but those who had to
peel onions in the kitchen shed many bitter
tears.
Many of us, proud
of being soldiers, had our pictures taken
usually by the side of Old Glory. We hope now
that our folk do not exhibit these pictures at
home.
The barber there
left many of us badly scarred and we received
lasting impressions of the corporals and
sergeants in charge. By this time we had learned
that the army contained such things as squads and
platoons we bade farewell to the station, always
referring to it thereafter as J.B.
On Aug. 17th we
boarded Pullmans and started for San Antonio.
Tomatoes, beans and corned Willy kept us alive.
Arriving during the night we left the train in
the morning of the 19th and marched into a field
of weeds, roads, tents, and dust and placing
ourselves conveniently in the sun waited for
breakfast which was served that afternoon at
three oclock. Our tents that night were not
entirely surrounded by weeds, so the next day we
moved into a plot covered with weeds and erected
our own tents. The weeds soon left as we attacked
them with picks and shovels, hoes and brooms.
Soon we were comfortable our tents
received names Headquarters was surrounded
by designs of pretty white rocks, so proud were
we that when we left one of the fellows erected a
sign saying, We found this a wilderness we
left it a home.
Webb was our Sgt.
Major, Gebert our Top Kick, and Schmals, Keys and
King assisted in drilling. With Sgt Gebert in the
lead we were wont to march out to a weed patch
and march hither and thither, tramping down
everything before us. There were wild tales
afloat as to rattle snakes and Gila Monsters.
Once we formed a company front and charged across
the patch. I fain would tell more but I lack
courage.
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| Fourteen days
quarantine was our quota, as it was there that we
learned to run guard lines. And here did we
receive our first pay from Uncle Sam. We did
double time to get it, but we got it. After that boys started a
Monte Carlo. All went well until one yelled
Sheriff and there was a scattering.
Those of us who were in the tents shall not soon
forget how the fellows sneaked in trying to look
innocent. Inspections came regularly and woe to
the man who left a match or cigarette under his
bunk or who had a spot on his leggings. K.P. was
his lot, and Flood was a hard man to convince
that a pan was clean.
On Sept 29, after
several false starts we boarded Pullmans
and started for Mineola something went wrong for
in spite of the fact that our mess car caught
fire at Indianapolis, we fed well during the
journey. We made few stops, one being at
Columbus, Ohio, where Kirklands girl lived.
She grabbed him the moment he alighted and kissed
him right in front of us. After our loud cheers
we paraded thru the town and nearly won some
cheers.
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| The barracks at
Camp Mills, Mineola, New York were models of
excellence. Electric lights, steam heat, hot and
cold water, not then but later. We drilled in a
distant field, once passing in review before
King. Platoon and skirmish drills were our lot
and lectures from our Sgts. on how to behave when
we reached France. Sgt. Schmals had by this time
succeeded Sgt. Gebert. One day Sgt. Maj. Webb
took us to drill but quite in dismay in spite of
the excellent coaching of our Top Kick. On the morning of the 13th
we left the barracks at 2 a.m. It was dark and
raining and muddy. We had orders to be quiet and
except for the splash, splash, splash, we were.
Crowded cars,
crowded depots, a crowded ferry boat, chilly
breeze, an uncomfortable bunch and then we
boarded SS. Pannonia. We had to stay below deck
until we were well on our way but we emerged from
our holes in time to wave good bye to the Liberty
girl.
For most of us the
ocean was a new sight and our ship a revelation.
We slept below, very much so, where all was
quiet. Each man had a separate bunk with nice
straw and blankets and there we wanted to sit and
think or just sit.
After a week we
struck rough weather and rougher seas and the
fish began getting their rations. If Jonahs
whale lived in such a sea, then it is easy to
understand why he threw up Jonah, even after
three days. We yielded food to the sea that was
much older than that. Food goes a long way in the
sea. Naturally we watched for submarines, some
fish scared some of us badly by leaving a flush
of foam behind them. Our gunners practiced by
shooting at barrels or at intervals. As we neared
Europe we practiced life boat drills and posted
sub watches. The news that the White
Sox had defeated the Giants cheered us somewhat,
some of us. Some were from New York and others
were beyond cheer.
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| Within a few days
of Liverpool we handed telegrams to the purser.
They were a trifle expensive, but we did not know
much about this until after we landed. The
Pannonia shall never fade from our memories. She
was a friend to us true and noble. She filled us
with hatred for the Huns and we uttered
blasphemies on them, if a Hun can be said to have
blasphemies uttered about him. Arriving in Liverpool on
the afternoon of the 29th of Oct. we disembarked
at 8:30 P.M. and immediately boarded a train, an
English train with its side doors, compartments
and 3rd written on the door. There we had our
first vision of English girls, dressed in
overalls, pushing carts and waving at us while we
stared at them. All night we rode that train, but
owing to the flexibility of our bodies we were
all able to walk when we reached Borden.
Here we were a bit
crowded in our tents, but we thought we were near
the front and didnt mind. On our second and
last night we were awakened at 2 A.M. by loud and
weird yells of Air Raid. Orders were
to file to the ends of the earth. We did,
Barefooted, bare headed, bare backed, and we
resembled a group of specters frightened from
their revels. The cooks fire was put out in
haste and we looked and listened for the Hun.
Needless to say the alarm was false.
Here our squadron
was split into the various one going to Stamford,
Wye, Northolt, London Colony, Lincoln and
Grantham. As we left a band played for us and the
English explained that was always done for troops
leaving for the front. Before leaving we were
told that we would each learn a profession that
would be of value to us in civil life. Lt.
Fleitsman marched us to the train and as the
train was about to leave someone called for
cheers. They were given lustily and our last
vision of Lt. Fleitsman was as he stood there on
the platform alone, with eyes filled with tears.
He was never with us again except for a short
stay at Winchester during the mid winter. But
located in London Hdqtrs. he kept a watchful eye
on us and when it was in his power to help us he
never failed us. Nothing has pleased us more than
the news of his promotion to Captaincy.
Our life proper in
England began when the various detachments
reached their destinations. English money seemed
exceedingly queer and their language was not
ours. To call hoof oof and pay
Pie was new to us. And then we were
likely to learn the English system of swearing
and then, ignorant of error, tell a girl that she
was bloody fine. But gradually we learned and by
Christmas we could click our heels, say
cawnt and soddy (
English for sorry), carry a walking stick, drink
tea, smoke Goldflakes or Woodbines and recognize
a British Officer.
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| We dined with the
English troops, drank tea and ate onions from a
bowl. Ate fish cakes, tripe, jams, cheese and so
on without end and had novel experiences like
that. As a rule we were too busy to work, though
we managed to learn the details of aeroplanes,
get a few rides and report for duty as a rule
Christmas was celebrated appropriately, and an
excellent dinner was served even the Brussels
sprouts was part of the fare. The English had
beer, and rumor has it that some of the fellows
borrowed some, the of course rumors cant be
trusted. Surely
nothing but happiness was our lot while we were
on detached service. The Tommies and we got along
just like that, while their Sgt. Majors were our
truest friends. When the detachment at London
Colony was under Quarantine the S.M. called and
arranged that the boys should have plenty of
rations.
The girls we found to be
things of beauty and joy forever. There were few
cars and the girls could walk farther in one
night than we wanted to walk in a week. They knew
not Colgates, and never chewed gum, but they were
dainty and three of our members fell victim to
their charms and were wed.
In mid January the
various detachments assembled at Winnel Down Camp
Winchester and after moving to Lark Hill,
Salisbury Plaines and a short stay of a week we
were grouped into three flights, one going to
Beaulieu and the other two to Stockbridge and to
Chattie Hill and Lopcombe Corner. Here we
received training on the British scouting
machines, as a rule having charge of a flight and
doing all the work on the machines. The novelty
of the things English had worn off and except for
occasional trips to London or other cities we
were engaged in helping train pilots and learning
the tricks of the trade.
The first week of
May found us in Beaulieu assembled as a squadron
again, preparing for duty in France. We began
this by standing inspection after inspection,
drilling during the half hour before dinner, by
getting the Flu and during the latter part of our
stay by working early and late. Finally a Colonel
inspected us, the first Colonel I believe the
majority of us had seen. Then we were ready to
go.
While at Chattie
Hill, Russell was struck by a propeller, one leg
being injured. At Beaulieu we had suffered more
casualties. On May 31 a day of twelve crashes and
seven court martials, Fred Banners met his death
while bathing in a nearby lake. Shortly afterward
Bob Groppa was severely injured, both arms being
broken. A few days later Mills was hit but his
injuries were not as serious that the squadron
lost him, he rejoined us at Winchester. By way of
entertainment we had the English Y
and our own concert company. This latter
consisted of the 93rd quartettes and various
other numbers of various talents from our and the
other squadrons on the field. Our efforts won
loud applause from even the English and we were
given and accepted invitation to perform at the
New Zealand Hospital at Brockenhurst.
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| On June 24th we
formed a V had our picture taken, listened to a
lecture from a Y secretary, slung
packs and stole away. We were taken to Flower
Down near Winchester, put into tents, yanked out
again and put on the side of the hill in strict
quarantine, for it was seen that we had the Flu
or something. Then came the time that tried
mens souls. On one morning sixty two men
reported for sick call. Our rations varied from
rice, jam and cheese to cheese, jam and rice and
then to jam, cheese and rice. We drilled on the
side of the hill until the grass grew no more,
and then began taking hikes. Inspections came
periodically and finally we did so well that the
inspector announced that we would be a twenty
four hour squadron on the front. It seems that
our tooth paste was not properly placed, and our
belts were improperly placed. Then finding that
we were still alive a group of men were
transferred from us, the quarantine was lifted
and we packed our packs and left for France. We
arrived in South Hampton on July 2nd, spent the
most of the day on the wharf and at twilight
boarded the ship for France. Our second trip on
the water was another revelation. Veterans, who
had survived the Pannonia without a tremor hung
their heads over the railing and let nature have
its way. Our last English rations found a home in
the channel. The boat was dark and crowded and
stuffy and we were weary and ill at ease. No
submarines came to relieve us from our misery and
in the morning of July 3rd found us in Harve. We
had reached France at last. Marching into the
camp at Havre, we turned around and marched right
out again. We found a railroad station boarded
our side door Pullmans and were ready for the
worst. All that day and the next we rode around
in France, viewing the scenery, making eyes at
the Mademoiselles and waving at the kiddies, and
learning French. Generals Vin Blane and Vin Rouge
were introduced to us and we welcomed them and
gave pleasantries. We heard no patriotic speeches
on the 4th of July and saw no fireworks. Though
we finally speculated as to what the home folks
were doing. As night time approached the singing
selections were organized and the hills of France
rang with the echoes of songs, old medieval and
ancient. The
next day found us established at Homarantine
where we secured our first francs, bought and
rejoiced that we could by American goods at the
Commissary and Y. Heaven seemed to
open up to us. We helped build wooden hangers,
saw our first Liberties, inspected the China men,
saw French girls at work on aeroplanes and then
left.
We boarded some
more S.D. Pullman and were ready for the worst,
had long waits and arrived at Issoudon at 1 A.M.
where a warm meal was waiting for us. Our
quarters there were fine and except for ten days
quarantine we were as happy as a newly captured
Hun. Here we drilled a bit, got our first
instruction in the Manual of Arms so as to be
able to participate in a July 14th parade at
Issoudon., and worked on a Liberty and Neuport
planes. The July 14th parade never materialized
but we had a lively thunderstorm which made the
Liberties fly as they had never flown before and
as we did not lack excitement.
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| We stood guard,
carried real guns with cartridges and had to
account for our cartridges when morning came.
Guard mount was formal and so for once we marched
to music. A detachment of the squadron was sent
to Field 9 for final instructions on something,
we knew not what when we arrived there we found
our course consisted in picking up rocks,
splinters and parts of broken hangers. We had
been in the army too long not to be able to do
that. Here we were just introduced to the History
of Joan dArc we became well acquainted with
her eventually. It seems that 11 Y
lecturers must pass an examination on her history
and considered it their duty to pass a good thing
on. Yes, verily Joan was very popular with the
Y. Before leaving these parts we were
given a vivid description of the aerodome which
we would next inhabit. It was all that anyone
could desire. Hangars and barracks carefully
hidden, we were to be given ample warnings when
Fritz intended visiting us and so be given an
opportunity to return to convenient dugouts and
laugh at the wrath of the Hun who would find
himself thusly foiled. Be assured, happy and
confident we bade farewell to the camp and the
Plane News, to do our part in squelching the Hun
with Machine Gun and Bombs. July 28th found us
arriving at the aerodome we set out scouts into
the woods who discovered Fourth Street and our
hopes. The orders were No formations and no
drill. We ate, slept, loafed and explored
the castle in the nearby valley. Happy were those
days. Our Spads were conspicuous by their absence
but gradually they began to arrive and work
began. Soon our patrols became a regular part of
our schedule and by Sept 12, when the St. Mihel
sector changed hands, we were working day and
night. The offensive over, our work lessened and
we began to get ready to start to move which we
did on Sept 26. While here we saw our first American
Concert parties. The first company presented
Just Home Folks and was greeted by
everyone who could leave his machine to work. A
splendid show we called it. Movies were a regular
part of the program and Joan dArc seemed
forgotten. Then Miss McMein and Co. presented
Gertie, the original tank. Never
shall we forget the clever antics of Gertie in
wagging her head or the golden (or were they
silvery or rippling) tones of Miss McMein as she
admonished Gertie to do her bit and not be
haughty.
We reached camp
one day, the Hun the next. We heard the wicked
rhythmic hum of the Gotha as we lay in our bunks
and wondered where those promised dugouts were
and why we had not been warned that Fritz was
coming. Orders were not to leave the barracks and
some of us didnt. Others couldnt
resist, but morning found us all alive. A lively
interest was displayed by the men as to which
pilot would get the first Hun. To add to the
interest a bunch of the fellows picked pilots,
each man depositing ten Francs, the man whose
pilot scored first to get the pool. When the St.
Mihel drive opened the Huns began falling and
when confirmations came in, Lt. DOlive was
given credit for the first official victory.
Buckler pocketed the money and remarked that he
had never doubted the outcome of the contest. We
had more casualties here. Sgt. Long was sent to
the hospital with a broken arm. McMillan was hit
by a prop but not seriously hurt. Kincaid
received a bullet thru one hand but remained with
us.
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| Sept 26 found us
leaving camp. Our machines flew to the new field
and we went in trucks moving by night and riding
as catch can. Morning found us in
Lisle-en-Barrois. The barracks had been in
habited by the French and we found straw dirt
bunks and other articles too numerous to mention.
Our sanitary detail got busy, the place was
cleaned and we moved in. After that no living
thing except us, an occasional dog or cat and
various tribes of rats in habited the place. We were busy as of yore.
The Argonne drive began on Sept 26 and we spent
numerous patrols. Air raids were very rare and
when they did threaten vicinity they missed us.
On these occasions Schroeder distinguished
himself as special light extinguisher. As a rule
we had lanterns in the Hangars on the field and
never thought of the Hun except in terms of
tomorrows patrols.
To add to the
excitement one half of a hangar was burned, where
upon the men distinguished themselves and won the
praise of the powers that be by efficiently
handling Pyrenees. There was no canteen here with
the result that we patronized a French store the
Alimentation. The prices were such as
the French saw fitting for Yanks and we learned
as never before the precious value of a hazel nut
or a grape.
More casualties
came to us, Sutton, Morrison and Handley received
bullet wounds, the latter being shot thru the arm
and compelled to go to a hospital. Gevatosky was
severely burned when a fire occurred in the
armourers tent. Lindquist was sent to the
hospital with a bruised leg. Anton Johannon with
some fractured fingers and Albano with a severe
compound fracture of the right leg. Hurtley was
hit but not seriously hurt.
Oct 29 completed
our first year of Foreign Service. The men were
ordered not to leave the hangars until 6:30 while
the cooks prepared (hamburgers and pie and
trimmed celery). Supper was to be served at seven
so promptly at 8:15 the head of the long line
began moving. Retiring to our commodious dining
room we ate and drank. The Officers had provided
a barrel of Biere with the spigot end
toward the tent. Then while the officers served
the men made merry. Song and story began and soon
Isbister was leading the performance singing racy
songs and telling snappy stories. And lo-morning
came and the barrel was not yet empty!!
Bar-le-Duc was not
far away and occasionally the boys were given an
afternoon to visit the town famous for the first
part of its name., going there to dodge the
M.P.s and to buy dainty souvenirs and other
daring things Yanks are prone to do. In camp we
were visited by two or more concert companies one
under the supervision of Margaret Mayo. We went
saw and were convinced. The Daily Mail, Herald
and Tribune found their way among us somehow and
so we knew of the progress of the war, and knew
too, what President Wilson was telling the
Kaiser. We had peace declared several times by
rumor but not until we reached the next camp did
we succeed in stopping hostilities.
November 6th we were moving
again, not far this time, stopping midway between
Evers and Faucaucourt. Five days of spasmodic
labor and the Armistice was on. After that we
sent occasional patrols to somewhere but our
labors were lightened. The days were short and
there was no night work. Seven days leave was now
permitted and such as we were lucky to have a
glimpse of gay Paree, visited the leave centers
and came back with glowing accounts. Mud was not
an unknown quantity and the majority of us went
through the Argonne, visited Verdun and felt that
now we were ready to enlighten the people back in
Gods country how wars are fought and won.
The last chapters
of our career as a squadron cannot be written
now. We have our souvenirs or are making them.
Our barrack bags are ready to be packed at a
moments notice. Battered and worn they are
but they contain our all and speculation is rife
as to whether we shall be allowed to keep them.
Rumors of moving
fill the air. Troops are moving past our camp,
announcing that they are bound for an Atlantic
port. We fondly await our turn. In our visions
the Lady Liberty holding high her flaming torch
and beckoning us home. Our letters are filled
with hints of the welcome that awaits us on those
distant shores. In our travels to the front we
have acquired a German Gas alarm. We intend to
put that on the bow of the boat and between it
and Doc Branch we shall let the folk
know we are coming. The good die young, yet we
live on. We are happy to have been here and to
have done our duty in the great task which the
world has just completed. With memories that have
no room for woes or sorrows but thickly filled
with the unforgettable hours we have spent we
want the call to return to the land which we hold
so dear.
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| Note: The
93rd Aero Squadron departed for America on March
3, 1919 at Brest, France aboard the SS. America
and arrived in Hoboken, New Jersey on March 13,
1919. The unit was stationed at nearby Camp Mills
until the end of March. The 93rd Aero Squadron
was demobilized at the Air Service Depot at
Garden City, New York on March 31, 1919. |
| SOURCE:
Gorrells History of the American
Expeditionary Forces Air Service- 1917-1918
National Archives Microfilm Roll
990-18 |
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